The original Illuminati was founded on May 1, 1776, in the city of Ingolstadt in the Electorate of Bavaria (now part of Germany).

The group called the Thule Society began in Munich around 1918 as a small völkisch/occult study circle that promoted racialist mythology and anti-Marxist politics.

Ariosophy (“wisdom of the Aryans”) was an early 20th-century German-Austrian occult-racial movement that mixed mysticism, nationalism, racial theory, and selective readings of ancient history.

Freemasonry is one of the longest-lasting voluntary fraternal networks in modern history. Since the early 18th century, it has attracted political leaders, military officers, intellectuals, merchants, and professionals across Europe and the Americas.

Theosophy (literally “god-wisdom”) is an umbrella name for a late-19th-century esoteric movement that mixed Western occultism, idealized readings of Eastern religions